Otec ocean thermal energy conversion principle your. One such source of energy is ocean thermal energy conversionotec. Perhaps the most important of these is that it produces fresh water as a byproduct. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses warm surface water to produce steam using either ammonia or a vacuum to generate electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the warm surface water and the cold deeper water to drive a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity. The paper explores the potential use of ammonia in ocean thermal energy conversion.
It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal. Below is the definition the five types of marine energy, how it works, and the advantages as well as disadvantages of each energy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy. Looking into the benefits or limitations of otec will help us to deduce whether this form of energy production is economical or not. What are the advantages and disadvantages of ocean thermal.
If harvested in small amounts it may be considered to have no impact at all, but if it gets to be too explored it may change local ecosistems by. The sun shines on the oceans of the world and in the hot parts near the water at the seas surface can be quite warm, sometimes as high as 30c. In converting ocean thermal energy to electricity, we would need less than 1 percent of this. There is a small variation in power output from season to season. There are several great advantages to ocean thermal energy.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec technology uses a turbine generator to create renewable energy from the temperature difference between cold, deep seawater circulating in the ocean and surface seawater warmed by the sun. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process or technology for producing energy by harnessing the temperature differences thermal gradients between ocean surface waters and deep ocean waters. Marine energy systems advantages and disadvantages. Ocean thermal energy conversion simple english wikipedia. Ocean thermal energy definition, advantages, disadvantages. A leader in ocean thermal energy conversion commercialization author.
How will ocean thermal energy conversion help the environment. One major drawback of otec is its economic feasibility. The benefits to be assessed in the usvi study include both the baseload. Hot springs are just one example of this naturallyoccurring thermal energy.
Advantages and disadvantages of thermal power sciencing. Our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between the surface and deep layers to generate electricity. The sun warms the surface water and wave motion mixes it to the downward from the deep cold water, formed at high latitudes, by a thermocline. A solar pond is a pool of saltwater which collects and stores solar thermal energy. Once the turbines have been installed, no direct greenhouse gas ghg gas with physical properties that cause the earths atmosphere to warm up. Enough electricity is produced to drive the pumps and the excess is exported to the grid. Kulkarni department of mechanical engineering 201617.
Once the technology is built, it doesnt require and more costs. Thermalpower plants are not environment friendly and plants emits toxic pollutants like ash, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide. The process involved in ocean thermal energy, also known as ocean thermal energy conversion, has both benefits and disadvantages. General advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy 5. Even though there are lesser emissions, digging deep holes causes seismic disturbances which have led to earthquakes. Ocean thermal energy conversion research papers academia.
The energy production with otec is very constant, as the temperatures in the ocean hardly vary between day and night or even between the seasons. The fluid used in this application is usually a liquid with a relatively low boiling point, like ammonia. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec and the pacific islands page 5 executive summary the idea of using thermal energy from the ocean is not new. Thermal energy, unlike in other ways, can be felt by the. Darsonval first thought about the idea more than a century ago but it was only in early 1970 when research on this technology started to take shape. Only a small variation in output takes place from season to season. The energy required to move the heating and cooling ocean water through the heat exchangers can be much less than the theoretical energy requirement of 1 kwh for each cubic meter. What are the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power. Read this article to learn about the advantages and disadvantages of thermal power.
The man knew about heat and fire for a long time ago and had been using it for various applications. Apr 21, 2017 marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy. Wind is a result of the solar energy, as heating of land results in movement of air. The ocean works as a huge storage device for thermal energy.
Pdf prospects of ammonia based ocean thermal energy. In this article, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of wave energy which is as important as understanding how it works. One disadvantage of landbased facilities arises from the turbulent wave. Ocean thermal energy conversion produces energy from temperature differences in ocean waters. The world oceans harness enough thermal and mechanical energy to meet and exceed global energy demands, however a relatively small amount of renewable energy research has focused on utilizing ocean energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy engine and produce electricity.
What is otec ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a marine renewable energy technology that harnesses the solar energy absorbed by the oceans to generate electric power. Otec is an energy technology that makes use of the oceans temperature difference between the. The cooler deep ocean water can condense the vapor into water. The geothermal energy is nothing but the heat from the earth and we can avail this to heat the buildings, generate electricity and much more. Advantages and disadvantages of thermal energy recurso. The suns heat warms the surface water a lot more than the deep ocean water, which creates the oceans naturally available temperature gradient, or thermal energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion development update. View ocean thermal energy conversion research papers on academia.
Cbse class 10 science sources of energy we will understand how the temperature difference between the water levels of the ocean can be used to generate electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion, or otec, taps into this energy to produce. Wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb developing member countries dmcs reduce their dependence on fossilfuel based energy generation and bolster energy security. It does not produce green house gases or waste products. Among ocean energy sources, otec is one of the continuously available.
Otec oceanthermalenergyconversion,theprocess of converting the ocean thermal energy into electricity. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec pdf ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the temperature difference between. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable. Pdf an annotated bibliography focused on ocean thermal energy. We can learn that the cost to purchase and install the necessary equipment for harnessing otec is high.
Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a source of renewable energy wherein the temperature differential between deeper, colder water and warmer, shallow water is used to run a heat energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion technology britannica. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec, form of energy conversion that makes use of the temperature differential between the warm surface waters of the oceans, heated by solar radiation, and the deeper cold waters to generate power in a conventional heat engine. Conclusions 15 bibliography 16 renewable energy an ecofriendly alternative. Ocean thermal energy can easily provide 40 mj of thermal energy to get 1 cubic meter of fresh water. Now, lets look at some of the drawbacks of ocean thermal energy and determine why it may not be economical to engage in this form of energy production. This is referred to as otec for ocean thermal energy conversion.
The big island of hawaii wants intends to build a otec is a much more expensive energy source than fossil fuels, which has made many policy makers reluctant to get behind it. There are a number of naturally occurring greenhouse gases. Natural energy laboratory nel constructed and operated a 210 kw plant from 19921998. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses large flows of warm surface seawater and cold deep seawater to generate clean electricity. Basically, ocean thermal energy conversion is an electricity generation system.
Ocean thermal energy conversion advantages and disadvantages. Red and orange areas indicate parts of the ocean in which otec is a. Pdf competitiveness of ocean thermal energy conversion. Pdf ijsrst173836 relevance of ocean thermal energy.
So, the plant are often inbuilt solely appropriate for tropical locations. Understanding the pros and cons of this alternative renewable energy source can help determine whether it is an option to meet future needs and demands in an environmentally friendly and safe way. The engine working on this principle and utilises ocean energy is referred as otec. Pdf a closed cycle ocean thermal energy conversion basically. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler deep and warmer shallow or surface seawaters to run a heat engine and produce useful work, usually in the form of electricity. Principles of generation of ocean thermal energy conversion. The one disadvantage is, the pressurized chamber has to have zero leaks in order.
Ocean thermal energy conversion makai ocean engineering. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of. Ocean thermal energy otec ocean thermal energy also called as ocean thermal energy conversion otec refers to a method of using the temperature difference between the deep parts of the sea which are cold and the shallow parts of the sea which are cold to run a heat engine and produce useful work. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a process that employs the. The word geothermal is derived from the greek word geo which means earth and the word thermal and the world thermal which means heat. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec uses the ocean thermal gradient between cooler.
Otec is applicable to most parts of the worlds deep oceans between 20 o north. Ocean thermal energy conversion, renewable energy source. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a method of generating energy that uses the temperature differences between warm surface water and colder deep seawater to produce energy. There are many different technologies that allow for energy production from the ocean, such as generating energy from waves, tides, and ocean temperatures. Ocean thermal energy conversion the large ocean surface acts as a reservoir of solar energy. Nonconventional sources of energy are turning out to be extremely important sources of energy for mankind. The raw materials used to produce thermal power are fund or exhaustible resource.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of otec system. The tropical ocean at a typical otec site has two distinct layers. Dec 12, 2008 most of the planet is covered by the oceans, and they absorb a staggering amount of energy from the sun each day. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a baseload renewable energy source that uses the temperature difference between the warm surface ocean water and the cold deep ocean water to generate electricity. The used steam is almost fresh water and it is condensed with the cold ocean water.
Ocean thermal energy conversion stanford university. With todays rising power demands, geothermal power plants are attractive options for their cheap, environmentallyfriendly energy production. A basic 4minute introduction from offshore infrastructure associates, inc, with good animations, based on puerto rico as an example location. With global warming a certainty, it is imperative that we turn to nonpolluting and renewable sources of energy. Ocean thermal energy conversion an overview sciencedirect. However like all power sources, thermal isnt perfect, and disadvantages. Open cycle plants must be located on land within 3 km access to cold water and these plants are small plants from 110 mw due to the limit of the lowpressure turbine at 2. Ocean energy would help but there are also some drawbacks to using this type of renewable energy. They dont require much maintenance, and will last longer than tradition power plants. Otec is one of the various green energy sources gaining a presence in some of our countries.
The impact of otec energy on environment is also presented in this paper. Ocean thermal energy corporation ote builds and operates clean hydrothermal energy plants worldwide using the proven technologies of ocean thermal energy conversion otec and seawaterlake water air conditioning swac. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec is a way of getting useful energy from the worlds oceans. Low efficiency of these plants coupled with high capital cost and maintenance cost. Oct 04, 2012 our goal is to generate competitive and sustainable baseload power through ocean thermal energy conversion otec and attractive energy efficient alternatives to air conditioning through seawater district cooling sdc, as well as affordable potable water, sustainable food production, and economic development opportunities to our customers.
Construction of geothermal energy plants can affect the seismic stability to a large extent. Advantages of geothermal energy 1 it is a renewable source of energy. One of the primary advantages of thermal power is that the generation costs are extremely low. If using tidal energy, it can only supply power for about 10 hours a day because of the pattern of the tides. It is a clean and pollution free renewable source of energy. Due to small temperature difference in between the surface water and deep water, conversion efficiency is very low about 34%.
An excellent description of otec technology together with a list of countries best suited. Energy from the sun heats the surface water of the. We may often confuse wave energy from tidal energy. The cost of installation of the device and maintenance of the ability plant is high. Jan 09, 2015 geothermal energy seminar and ppt with pdf report. For more information on the difference between the two, visit the u. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion potential in developing member countries wave energy conversion wec and ocean thermal energy conversion otec are two potentially significant sources of renewable energy that are available to help the asian development banks adb. Electricity generation by the ocean thermal energy. The greater the temperature differential, the higher the efficiency of the heat engine. The benefits of the opencycle system are, you dont have to deal with the low. In an opencycle system, when the surface water is vaporised, it precipitates out all of its salt, so once the vapour is condensed again it is drinkable. Thermal energy can be used almost directly like in power generation steam. A signircant fraction of solar radiation incident on the ocean is retained by seawater in tropical. The thermal energy as its name implies, this source of energy is generated by heat, therefore, there are several ways to obtain it, for example.
Otec can operate with a very high capacity factor and so can operate in base load mode. Power generated from otec is renewable and pollution free. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec types renewable energy. Wave energy conversion and ocean thermal energy conversion. In order to produce power with the low temperature range, a working fluid with low boiling point is used. Bansilal ramnath agarwal charitable trusts vishwakarma institute of technology a seminar report on ocean thermal energy conversion by mr. Here the efficiency of the system depends on the temperature difference. Otec transfer function the relationship between the thermal resource and the electricity generated. The deeper parts of the ocean are cooler due to the fact that the heat of sunlight cannot penetrate very deep into the water. Otec uses the temperature gradient that exists in tropical oceans to generate electricity from thermal energy. A longer, 14minute introduction that includes details of lockheeds otec plant in hawaii and how it was tested. In simple words we can say, the system is independent of weather.
Advantages and limitations of ocean thermal energy conversion. Wind, that is moving air, possesses some kinetic energy due to its high speed. Renewable energy sources including biomass, geothermal, ocean, solar, and wind energy, as well as hydropower have a huge potential to provide energy services for the world. Cooler deep water then cools the system and the cycle continues. Ocean thermal energy conversion otec generates electricity indirectly from solar energy by harnessing the temperature difference between the sunwarmed surface of tropical oceans and the colder deep waters. Power developed is continuous and it is independent of weather. No fuel is needed to generate the power, and the minimal energy needed to pump water to the earths surface can be taken from the total energy yield. Marine energy has several types of energy, there are tidal energy, wave energy, ocean current energy, ocean thermal energy, and osmotic energy.